Friar in Canterbury Tales Essay - 467 Words

Friar in Canterbury Tales Chaucer’s attitude towards the friar is one of sarcasm. The friar is wanton and merry, but this pleasant-sounding description is actually packed with mockery. By the 14th century, friars, who were supposed to give up all worldly things and live only by begging for food and alms, were almost totally corrupt. They were known for flattering the rich and deceiving the poor, and especially for seducing women in outright disregard for their vow of celibacy. Chaucers Friar, Hubert, is a limiter, one who is licensed to beg in a certain area. Hes married off women â€Å"giving each of his young women what he could afford her† which implies that he seduced them first. Hes â€Å"highly believed and intimate† with†¦show more content†¦He knows all the bars and is more familiar with barmaids and innkeepers than the lepers or beggars hes supposed to be soliciting for. Ideally, after buying necessities, friars were supposed to donate to the po or and sick any leftover money from begging. To make it more ironic, Chaucer says its not right for someone of Huberts profession to be acquainted with lepers, since after all theres no money there but when it comes to the rich and the food sellers, suddenly hes courteous and humble. He couldn’t care less about giving money to charity. His â€Å"holy how-d’ye-do† is so pleasant that he can always get a â€Å"farthing from her†. Here it is clear that the Friar gets more money from his illegal takings than his legal calling. He wears clothes better suited to a pope than to the â€Å"cloistered scholars with thread bare habit hardly worth a dollar, but much more like a Doctor or a Pope†. He also meddles in civil disputes out of court, â€Å"to arbitrate disputes on settling days (for a small fee)†. Friars were allowed to represent the poor, but had strict orders not to interfere in such cases. Hubert even lisps to make his English sound more appealing, presumably to women, â€Å"he lisped a littleShow MoreRelated General Prologue of the Canterbury Tales: The Friar and the Parson1655 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Prologue of the Canterbury Tales: The Friar and the Parson The Friar and the Parson, as described in the General Prologue of the Canterbury Tales, can be used to portray both the good and the bad sides of clergy. They make a stark contrast to each other, often even directly, with their characteristics as told by the narrator. From physical traits to their actions, these two pilgrims are almost exact opposites in certain ways. Their motivations for these actions describe the differencesRead MoreThe Friar s Tale Of Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesWalker Mr. Abel British Lit/comp. 7 November 2016 The Friar’s Tale Many pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales held a religious position. Some of these people’s personal ideas have caused debates and criticism over Chaucer’s opinion of the Catholic Church. Critics have discussed the ideas that were presented both subtly and openly. Two of the pilgrims and their tales will be discussed: the Prioress and the Pardoner. Both of these tales offer points of criticism in the Catholic Church. The PrioressRead MoreChaucers Canterbury Tales741 Words   |  3 Pagesreference to one of The Canterbury Tales discuss, what means Chaucer uses to create the highly individualized (and often comic) characters and how successful is his creation. The Friar from The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer was a master at creating highly individualized characters who are often comic and realistic at the same time and always have good traits as well as bad ones. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate this ability on the example of the Friar from The Canterbury Tales who is one of theRead MoreThe Summoner and His Tale in the Canerbur Tales by Goffergy Chaucer674 Words   |  3 Pagesmany different people with many different characteristics. In the series of tales The Canterbury Tales, author Geoffrey Chaucer writes about a group of people with different occupations during the Middle Ages. Who are going on a pilgrimage to the sacred town of Canterbury. Chaucer gives a detailed description of each character traveling to Canterbury. During this trek to Canterbury each of the passengers tells a different tale that Chaucer has chosen for them. When Chaucer described the Summoner heRead MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales is a written work, by Geoffrey Chaucer, that is a representation of the society he lived in. His work portrays the feudal system during the medieval times and how each level of livelihood was a character, whose personalities reflect how Chaucer and his culture view them. During his time, his society regarded the Christian Church as corrupt and manipulative, with a few clergy who are honest and genuine in their exertion. Therefore, the ecclesiastical persona has the dispositionsRead MoreEssay on Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales1261 Words   |  6 PagesGeoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales The Knight, Squire, Prioress, The Monk and the Friar are defined by their settings in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to The Canterbury Tales. 1. Portnoy says in his article in the Chaucer Review that The General Prologue is like a mirror reflecting the individuals appearance which then defines the character of that person.(281) 2. Scanlon backs up Portnoy in his article from Speculum by saying †¦Characters descriptions somehow emerge inevitably fromRead MoreChurch Corruption Canterbury Tales1168 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption of the Church in The Canterbury Tales Around 1300AD, the Italian Renaissance was introduced, spreading through continental Europe as a â€Å"rebirth† of intellect, culture, and especially in the church. Despite the societal advancement, this religious renewal didn’t reach England until over a century later, which was partly because of corruption. During this period when England was behind the times, world connoisseurs such as Geoffrey Chaucer gradually brought the development into the countryRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an inter esting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreCriticism of the Church in the Canterbury Tales1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, was written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2011). It is considered to be the best work of literature in English in the Middle Ages (Johnston, 1998). Chaucer uses literary devices as no one had ever done. In addition, he chose to use English instead of Latin. This masterpiece is structured in a similar way as Bocaccios Decameron. The tales are organized within a frame narrative (EncyclopaediaRead MoreEssay on Chaucers The Canterbury Tales927 Words   |  4 PagesChaucers The Canterbury Tales In The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer comments on moral corruption within the Roman Catholic Church. He criticizes many high-ranking members of the Church and describes a lack of morality in medieval society; yet in the â€Å"Retraction,† Chaucer recants much of his work and pledges to be true to Christianity. Seemingly opposite views exist within the â€Å"Retraction† and The Canterbury Tales. However, this contradiction does not weaken Chaucer’s social commentary.

An Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essay example

An Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare is widely read and studied. But what is Shakespeare trying to say? Though it seems there will not be a simple answer, for a better understanding of Shakespeares Sonnet 73, this essay offers an explication of the sonnet from The Norton Anthology of English Literature: That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. In me thou seest the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west;†¦show more content†¦Since its introduction in the 1530s, nearly every major British and American poet has made use of the form (Sonnet xxi). In Versification, James McAuley defines that the sonnet is, In the strict sense, a fourteen-line poem usually in iambic pentameters. The Italian or petrachan type, consists of an octet, usually rhymed cdecde or in some permutation of these. The English sonnet type consists of three quatrains plus a concluding couplet, rhymed variously, the Shakespearian form being abab cdcd efef gg. In sixteenth- and seventeenth-century use, the term was also loosely applied to any lyric poem, especially a love-poem, as in [John] Donnes (1572-1631) Songs and Sonnets (82). The sonnet, however, is not simply a fourteen-line poem having a prescribed rhyme scheme. Certainly most sonnets are fourteen-line poems, and most sonneteers do confine themselves to prescribed rhyme patterns (Bender and Squier xxii). The theme, in Sonnet 73, is the poets aging. Each quatrain develops an image of lateness, of approaching extinction - of a season, of a day, and of a fire, but they also apply to a life (Abrams et al. 867). The poet compares his age to three images through the quatrains: autumn, the dying of the year (first quatrain); the dying of the fire (third quatrain). The first line draws a picture of himself, in me, and in a certain time, That time of year, of his life (surely, he is old now). We can see that theShow MoreRelatedSonnet 73 : Love, Death, And Immortality Through Words1461 Words   |  6 PagesSonnet 73: Love, Death, and Immortality Through Words Shakespeare’s sonnets portray a multitude of different emotions during different times of the narrator’s life. In Sonnet 73, Shakespeare’s main emotion is sadness because he is aging and will soon no longer be able to write the poetry about the person he is talking to throughout the sonnet. While he has many different kinds of poems with different emotions, his theme of this love for this person comes across throughout many of them. He seems toRead MoreEssay about A Range of Interpretations of Shakespeares Hamlet1289 Words   |  6 PagesHamlets dying words and with his contention that Shakespeare chose, very positively, to provide a multiplicity of meanings at this crucial point (30), I wonder whether his analysis, helpful as it is for an understanding of the text in the study, is equally valid in the theatre. If we were speaking of one of Shakespeares sonnets I should find it much easier to believe in the co-existence of four or five distinct meanings, even if they tend to cancel each other out (27). In performance, however,Read Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 Pages2. William Shakespeare, Sonnets 1-7 3. John Donne, â€Å"Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, â€Å"The Flea†, â€Å"Hymn to God, My God in my Sickness† 4. George Herbert, â€Å"The Collar†, â€Å"The Altar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"Holy Sonnet I† (â€Å"Thou hast made me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), â€Å"Holy Sonnet IX† (â€Å"If poisonous minerals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ )Read MoreDuchess Of Malf Open Learn10864 Words   |  44 PagesMalfi, focuses on the representation of the theme of love and marriage in the Malfi court, and the social conflicts to which it gives rise. The unit guides you through the first part of the play and will help you to develop your skills of textual analysis. This unit focuses mainly on Acts 1 and 2 of the play. You should make sure that you have read these two acts of the play before you read the unit. The edition of the play that is used in this unit is the Pearson Longman (2009) edition, edited byRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagespoetry? Good questions! This web page provides a quick overview of poetry analysis. Please note that this handout discusses the basics of poetry; there is much more to know about it than there is room to discuss here. Laurence Perrine s book LITERATURE: STRUCTURE, SOUND, AND SENSE can provide more detailed information about poetry analysis. Until you can get a copy of the book, I hope this page helps you begin your poetry analysis work. What is poetry ? Poetry goes beyond the rhyming of words. TheRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesexaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others. 22. causal analysis writing- seeks to identify and understand the reasons why things are as they are and hence enabling focus of change activity. causal analysis links actions or events along a time line, but it differs from process analysis in that it tells us why something happens, is happening, or will probably happen. Therefore, a causal analysis can serve one or more of four main purposes: to entertain, to inform, to speculateRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesrhymes that occur at the ends of lines 29. end-stopped line: a line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation. 30. fixed form: a poem in which the length and pattern are prescribed by previous usage or tradition, such as sonnet, limerick, and villanelle. 31. flashback: a scene in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem that interrupts the chronological action and provides information about the past. Often a character’s recollections of the past 32. foil: a foil is

Knowing the Culture of India Free Essays

This paper will review some of the recent literature on the culture of India. This is an important culture to study, because India†s population of more than 900 million makes it one of the most heavily populated countries of the world. India is also important to study because it possesses one of the world†s oldest surviving cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowing the Culture of India or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, there have long been ties between India and the nations of the West. Beyond these considerations, Indian culture is fascinating to study because it is extremely diverse and complex. Regarding this, Pandian (1995) notes â€Å"the existence of an underlying Indus or Hindu cultural unity (melting pot) which enables us to understand the nature of Hinduism and the caste system† (p. 9). Despite this apparent unity, however, Pandian also points out that â€Å"India is indeed a salad bowl with groups who do not blend or mix, and this fact of non-blending renders the label ‘Indian† meaningless to signify the cultural, linguistic, or religious unity of India† (Pandian, 1995, p. 9). Therefore, the situation of India poses an interesting challenge for anthropological study. Yet another reason why it is important to study Indian culture is because, although many of the nation†s traditions remain strong today, the nation is also undergoing rapid change and development. This paper will examine the diversity that exists in India†s religious beliefs, language, and social and gender roles. It will then conclude with some views on what people should be aware of when they travel to India to do business. In terms of religion, the majority of people in India (80 percent) are followers of the Hindu faith. The concepts of karma and reincarnation are among the predominant beliefs of Hinduism. Karma is the belief that a person†s actions, good or bad, will result in either good or bad things happening in that person†s life. This belief has an effect on behavior because it influences people to treat others, as they themselves would like to be treated. Reincarnation is the belief that a person†s soul will return to an earthly body again and again until it is liberated from the cycle of life and death. The way to become liberated is by becoming increasingly detached from worldly things, a process that is understood to take innumerable lifetimes. Belief in reincarnation has an effect on behavior by giving Indians a more casual attitude toward the demands of time than is found among Westerners (Lewis, 1996, p. 80). Hindus also believe that the goal of reincarnation is to eventually become united with Brahman, the ultimate ground of being, which has no attributes that can be seen or felt. Aside from these basic beliefs, Hindus have a great deal of choice in adapting their own personality to their style of worship. There are different spiritual paths that can be chosen, depending upon whether the worshipper is more disposed to work, devotion or knowledge. In addition, there are hundreds of different deities, both gods and goddesses, that a worshipper can choose from in picking a â€Å"personal god. † The personal god is meant to provide a focus for worship and devotion and to thus help the believer become more aligned with the impersonal god known as Brahman. Even after choosing a personal deity, Hindus still have flexibility in their style of worship. According to Pandian (1995), â€Å"a Hindu may change the focus of worship, emphasizing the worship of different deities in relation to changes in his or her own intellectual/emotional growth, or may remain devoted to the worship of a particular deity† (p. 56). Although there is a great deal of flexibility in Hinduism, it restricts behavior in certain ways because there are many rituals and obligations that must be consistently followed. In addition to the village temples where people gather to worship, each Hindu home has its own shrine for the purpose of worshipping the family deity. Religion is such a pervasive influence in India that Potter (1989) says: â€Å"The daily life of a Hindu villager involves frequent reminders of traditional norms† (p. 338). The Hindu system has also affected behavior because the belief in karma and reincarnation has supported the Indian caste system, in which it is understood that different classes of people have distinctly different roles in life. There is even more diversity in Indian language than there is in the country†s religion. Hindi is the official language of the nation; however, as Mehta (1993) points out, â€Å"it is understood by only forty per cent – or, at most, fifty per cent – of the population† (p. 459). In addition to Hindi, â€Å"there are fourteen officially recognized regional languages, two hundred and fifty major dialects, and thousands of minor languages and dialects,† and many of these are â€Å"completely unrelated to one another† (Mehta, 1993, pp. 458-459). Throughout India†s history, there have been efforts among intellectuals and scholars to develop â€Å"a common pan-Indian religious or political language† (Pandian, 1995, p. 8). Over the course of time, the official national language has changed from Sanskrit to Persian to English to Hindi. Although it seems like a positive thing to try to develop an official language for the nation as a whole, this effort has also resulted in enforcing the social divisions of the Indian people. Pandian (1995) notes that the people of India are required to know how to speak Hindi fluently if they are to obtain successful jobs. As Pandian further notes, this has created an unfair advantage for the 40 percent or so of the total population that consists of native Hindi speakers (p. 34). The social roles of the Indian culture are strongly impacted by the traditional caste system. According to this system, there are four main classes, ranked hierarchically: the priests, the warriors, the merchants and artists, and the servants. In addition to these four major groupings, there are also numerous smaller occupational class groupings, known as jatis. In the words of Madan (1989), castes and families are â€Å"the building blocks of Hindu society,† and â€Å"an overwhelming majority of the Hindus of South Asia, particularly those living in the rural areas, identify themselves in terms of their jati or caste† (p. 64). As a general rule, people never leave the caste they are born into. They tend to marry within the same caste, and sons tend to adopt the occupations of their fathers. Despite the prevalence of the caste system in Indian culture, however, Pandian (1995) points out that the system is more complex than it appears on the surface. Thus, anthropological studies of Indian village communities â€Å"have shown the existence of multiple labels of caste identity and multiple levels of caste ranking† (p. 209). There are also controversial views regarding gender roles in India. According to Azad (1996), working women in India are subject to oppression, poverty and poor health, and they basically live in an â€Å"environment of powerlessness† (p. 220). Indeed, Indian women must contend with such things as arranged marriages, female infanticide and wife abuse, among many other things. On the other hand, Seymour (1999) argues that respect is also given to women in India, especially when they undertake the role of motherhood. This sense of honor is enhanced by the religious beliefs of Hinduism, in which female deities are seen as being the source of power for the male deities. Because of the high status of motherhood and the belief in powerful goddesses, Seymour (1999) says â€Å"female power and authority is real in both secular and sacred contexts† (p. 281). Seymour further claims that there have been signs of change in recent years in terms of gender relationships in India. She reports, for example, that recent studies have shown an increasing number of Indian women taking â€Å"post marital residence in nuclear households where they can be independent of in-laws and have a more intimate relationship with their husbands† (p. 289). Seymour also emphasizes that the restrictions of Indian culture do not only affect women, but the nation†s men as well. Because of caste and religious obligations, â€Å"men also have a series of roles and life stages through which they must move, and they are also expected to control their personal desires for the sake of the collective whole† (Seymour, 1999, p. 280). After attaining independence from colonization, India, within a span of 50 years emerged as one of the fastest developing economies in the world. Ranking as the seventh largest country in area and second in population. She is also the largest democracy in the world. She is the world’s second largest producer of rice, world†s largest exporter of tea, jute and computer programmes. She is the third largest manufacturer of motor scooters, the second largest exporter of booster rockets for the space industry, and the second largest center in Asia for low-tech subcontracting and the development of offshore software. On the Economic front, it adopted a Mixed Economic policy on the five-year plan basis. India chalked out a plan for her economic growth in a protective manner. She made major steps forward in improving agricultural output and her industries have expanded to the stage, where she is one among the world’s top 10 industrial powers. However, after 1990, India opened her door for liberalization and now the economic growth is approximately 6% per annum. When people travel to India to do business, it is important for them to be aware of the unique characteristics of the nation†s culture. Because India has long had ties to the West, there are many ways in which business relations between Indians and Westerners can be expected to go smoothly. However, Indians also have certain differences in their business style that are related to their cultural and religious beliefs. Belief in the importance of the soul†s liberation, for example, causes many Indians to have a less materialistic orientation than their Western counterparts. Belief in karma has the effect of causing many Indians to have a heightened awareness of right and wrong. Regarding the way belief in reincarnation affects the Hindu perspective on time, Lewis (1996) warns the Western business traveler that Indians often show â€Å"little respect for punctuality† (p. 80). The relatively low social status of Indian women has an impact on how women are viewed in the world of Indian business. According to Lewis (1996), business travelers should also understand that the Western value of individualism â€Å"contrasts with Indian collectivism† (p. 80). Despite the differences in business style between Westerners and Indians, however, Lewis points out that Indians can be shrewd negotiators when they want to be. In business dealings, Indians do not hold Westerners â€Å"in awe,† and they are quite capable of using â€Å"acting skills† in order to negotiate on behalf of themselves or their families (Lewis, 1996, p. 80). 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Business strive for high production at low cost. T Essay Example For Students

Business strive for high production at low cost. T Essay his would result in the highest profit for a company. To many businesses, this is only a mirage. This is because the low cost of the business usually results in a high cost for the employees. This high cost is lower quality workplace items, lower salaries, less benefits, etc. These costs create an upset workplace environment. Companies understand that the more efficient their workers are, the more productive their business will become. Although this will take lots of money at first, the result will be extreme success. There exist many different things in the workplace that add to stress and injuries. They range from lifting heavy boxes to typing too much on the keyboard. This paper will be focusing on the principals of ergonomics in the computer workstation. According to the Board of Certification for Professional Ergonomists (BCPE), the definition of ergonomics is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human characteristics that are relevant to design. Ergonomic design is the application of this body of knowledge to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human use.(BCPE, 1993) In the average computer workstation, employees are prone to over a dozen hazards. There exist two factors that can prevent this: forming good work habits and ergonomically designed computer workstations. We will discuss these preventions throughout the paper. First, a few terms may need defining. Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) takes place from the repeated physical movements of certain body parts which results in damage to tendons, nerves, muscles, and other soft body tissues. If these injuries are not taken care of immediately, permanent damage could be done. A few common results of RSIs that were not taken care of right away are injuries like Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendentious, Tenosynovitis, DeQuervains Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome etc. All of these are able to be prevented by the use of good working habits and ergonomic engineering.i Usually, ergonomically designing a computer workstation would cost about $1000. This expense could be eliminated by the formation of good work habits. This is essential for the safety of computer terminal employees. There exist a number of precautions that can be taken into consideration when dealing with a computer workstation. We shall discuss six of them. First, the whole body must be relaxed. The correct posture is shown in Figure 1. Notice that the arms and thighs are parallel to the floor and the feet are flat on the floor. Also notice that the wrists are not bent in any way. This is one of the most damaged parts of the body when speaking of (RSI). Figure 1 The wrists, when typing, should not be rested on anything when typing. This would cause someone to stretch their fingers to hit keys. They should also be straight: not bent up, down, or to the side. The correct position is portrayed in figure 2, incorrect in figure 3. Studies show that these steps are easier to perform while the keyboard is not tilted toward the user. When it is tilted, it is natural to rest your wrists on the table. This puts the keyboard at a lower level, creating a more natural position. Another practice that should be taken into consideration is how hard you press on the keys. The user is not supposed to hit the keys. This may cause damage to the tendons and nerves in the fingers. Instead, use a soft touch, not only will your fingers thank you for it, the keyboard will too! Keeping in mind not to stretch your fingers when typing, use two hands to perform double-key operations. For example, you need to capitalize the first letter in every sentence, therefore, you would hold down the shift and press the first letter. Figure 2 Figure 3 This is a double key operation. Instead of stretching two fingers on one hand to do this operation, use both hands. No matter what kind of a pace you are on when doing work, take breaks every ten minutes or so in addition to your hourly breaks. These breaks need only be a few moments at a time. If breaks are not taken at this pace, you may be subjecting yourself to injuries in the back, neck, wrists and fingers. Also, when using the mouse, do not grip it tightly. Most mice that are used in offices today are not designed with human factors in mind. Some mice, like the Microsoft mouse, are designed to fit the contour of your hand. Although this may seem nice, it does not mean that one will be able to use it for hours on end and not feel any discomfort in the hand. Other mice, that will be mentioned later, are designed for comfortable use for extended periods of time. Try to keep your arms and hands warm. Cold muscles are more apt to strain and injury than warm ones. Wearing a sweater or a long-sleeved shirt can be of great importance especially when working in air-conditioned offices. And finally, do not use the computer more than necessary. Your body can handle only so much strain on the neck, shoulders, wrists and fingers. Even with the greatest state-of-the-art ergonomically designed computer workstation, people put themselves at risk. Some people tend to use their break times at work playing video games. This is a good way to ease the mind of everyday pressure (to some extent). This is also a good example of using the computer more than necessary. If a person needs to use a computer for video games, take a break every ten minutes or so, as mentioned above.ii All of these strategies mentioned above are things that can be done to reduce injuries when using a computer for an extended period of time. They do not include any type of ergonomically designed hardware. If employees form these habits, there would be less need to purchase any ergonomic equipment for the office. But, making new habits is not the easiest thing to do for most people. Next, we will take a look at how a computer workstation should be set up. The following data was retrieved by an on-line quiz from the University of Virginia. The first question about computer workstations poses a question about the seat being too high. This would cause strain on the legs of the operator causing them to go to sleep. Basically, the blood flow to the leg and feet will be cut off. Rate of photosynthesis Essay Also, it walks you through a series of videos which portray ways to massage different parts of your hand, neck, and shoulders. With all of this hardware and software available for business and personal use, who would not be interested? Well many people think that it will not happen to them until it does. People should not wait that long. If you use a computer for more than four hours a day, you are prone to RSI. If your company does not have ergonomically engineered hardware, software or furniture, then do something about it. Its your health. 1 A copy of the survey is attached to the end of this paper. The correct answer is bolded. i URL address : http://webreference.com/rsi.html#whatis ii URL address : http://www.engr. unl.edu/ee/eeshop/rsi.html iii URL address : http://www.micronite. com/ Glossary CGI Common Gateway Interface. A standard protocol which allows HTML based forms to send field contents to a program on the Internet for processing. It also allows the receiving program to respond by sending an HTML response document. Email Electronic Mail. An electronic document similar to a piece of mail in that it is sent from one person to another using addresses, and contains information. Email commonly contains information such as: sender name and computer address, list of recipient names and computer addresses, message subject, date and time composed, and message content. Sometimes, an Email message can have attached computer files such as pictures, programs, and data files. Firewall A program or device which serves as an intelligent and secure router of network data packets. These mechanisms are configured to restrict the flow of packets in different directions (i.e. to and from the Internet) based on the system addresses (a.k. a. IP addresses) of the connected computers. FTP File Transfer Protocol. A program or feature popularly used over the Internet to transfer files between computers. Hacker A person who deliberately breaks into computer systems for entertainment, gain, or spite. The most sophisticated hackers spend all of their time breaking into computers. The risk that these people pose is that they often steal or damage software systems and information. Home Page A Web Page which is at the root of all Web Pages for a particular Web Site. A Home Page should portray the image that the company wants to project. Usually, these pages resemble marketing slicks, but with an interactive slant. This front page of a Web Site then provides hypertext links to the rest of the Web Sites content and possibly to Home Pages for other related Web Sites. HTML HyperText Markup Language. A standardized programming language used to create hypertext documents. Used to create all Web Pages on the Internet. Also allows definition of data forms which communicate with CGI compatible programs on the Internet. HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol. A communications protocol used by Internet Web Service software to send Web Pages to Web Browser software over the Internet. HyperText A type of text document which contains embedded hotspots which point to other sections of text or other documents. Any piece of text or graphic can be defined as a hotspot which points elsewhere. Internet (a. k.a. The Information Superhighway). A world-wide interconnection between thousands of computer networks on many different platforms, with over 10 million end users (and growing). The telecommunications backbone of the Internet is based on a network of U.S. government owned, national T3 lines. A growing number of Internet Providers are adding their own backbones. Internet Providers A community of competing businesses which provide on-ramps to the Internet. The largest of these companies connect directly into the Internet backbone, or provide their own national or international backbones. Examples of true Internet Providers: Netcom, UUNet, CERFNet, SprintNet, and Spry. Examples of partial Internet Providers partial Information Service Providers: CompuServe, Prodigy, and America On-Line. IRC Internet Relay Chat. A program or feature popularly used on the Internet by individuals to chat with others, by typing and watching text-based dialog. Many topic specific IRC channels have been created on the Internet by users. These channels form a sort of forum for conference room discussion. Newsgroups A collection of forums which gather Email from Internet users about a specific subject. The collected Email entries (known as news articles) can then be perused by all Internet users. Some are simply for recreational discussions, while others may allow people to form self-supporting user groups. PGP Pretty Good Privacy encryption. A protocol for using private and public key encryption to secure Email and other Internet transactions. TCP/IP Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. The network communication protocol used by all Internet computers. Similar in function to NetBIOS, SNA, or Novell Netwares IPX/SPX. Telnet A program or feature popularly used on the Internet by individuals to log into, and take control of other computers on the Internet. VRML Virtual Reality Markup Language A new emerging language becoming supported by the World Wide Web, for programming virtual reality content on the Internet. Web Browser A type of program used by individuals which reads HTML files on the Internet and presents them to the user in a friendly way and interactive way. Many such programs exist for many platforms. For UNIX several GUI browsers are popular. For those UNIX based terminals or DOS based PCs, Lynx provides a text interface to browse Web Pages. All Web Browsers allow the user to interactively jump from place to place by selecting hotspots (highlighted text or graphics). Some browsers allow the user to print page contents. Web Page or Web Document A single viewable unit of Web information. Often be comprised of an HTML file with several referenced graphics files. Generally, each Web Page has hypertext links to other Web Pages. Web Site A collection of Web Pages built for or by a single company or individual. Usually provides one theme of content. A Web Site is not to be confused with a single physical location where a Web Server exists. It is a Cyber-Location. Web Server A combination of computer hardware, telecomm. lines, and HTTP server software. World Wide Web, WWW, or The Web An intricate and vast web of information, tied together by hypertext links between multimedia documents residing on thousands of Internet computers around the globe.

`We Havent Seen A New Installment Of George Lucas Star Wars Saga Since

`We haven't seen a new installment of George Lucas' Star Wars saga since 1983's Return of the Jedi, but on May 19, 1999, Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace blasts into theaters with a fresh set of faces -- and some familiar names. Set nearly 40 years before the events of 1977's Star Wars: A New Hope, the story follows Obi-Wan Kenobi and his Jedi brethren as they struggle to help the young Queen Amidala maintain peace in the galaxy. Matters become complicated, however, when they meet eight-year-old Anakin Skywalker, a boy with a dark future.

buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay

buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay It is very evident that it is very hard for a college student to resist an offer such as another glass of beer? or here, have another beer on my bill. Due to this, college drinking habits have drawn concerns by public health on the consequences of engaging in heavy alcohol drinking by college students. It is clear that colleges students involve in drinking habits displays certain patterns which are attributed by factors such as peer pressure, access to large amount of alcohol and wrong decisions undertaken by this students. reports from the national survey indicates that from the year 1999-2005, college student who drank five or more drinks between the age of 18 and 24 increased from forty one percent to forty five percent calling for an alarm (Ham Hope, 720). This paper will greatly review on the reasons why college students involve themselves in excess drinking, in what ways are organizations within colleges intend to reform and improve school drinking behaviors and what are the consequences of consuming alcohol in excess. It was in the year 2002 when the national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism called for quick action toward the increased drinking among college drinking in the United States. Not only is excess consumption of alcohol affecting the individual but also other people who are round them. It is increasing been noted that most students engages in excessive drinking so as to signify their adulthood, to cope with stress and to enhance collective gatherings. With such an alarming rate in amount of alcohol being consumed by today college students as compared to the past, it is very important that we try to find out what are the main reasons that force these students to engage in excess alcohol consumption. Before trying to discuss the various reasons as to why college students engage in excessive rinking it is important that we first try to define and understand what excessive drinking is (Warner, 56). Excessive drinking is defined as high rates of consuming alcohol which are mainly associated to negative consequences towards an individual consuming it and the people close to him. There are several factors which are known to cause the high rate of drinking among college students. Some of these factors include; Peer pressure. Morean et al (230) observe that it is very important that we define what peer pressure is, the term peer pressure can be defined as how a teenager or an adolescents behaves in the influence or in the presence of her or his adolescents friends. In this case of excessive alcohol consumption, this term has been divided into two that is; active and passive peer pressure. In active peer pressure, a college student may receive an explicit offer to drink more alcohol or just receive spoken criticism for refusing to indulge in alcohol consumption. When in the presence of such friends, a college student may be forced to drink more alcohol so as to avoid such criticism. Other than criticism, one can be subjected to direct pressure such that they are made to participate in drinking games or ordering of many rounds of beer or wine while in the bars and discos. Since different college students dont want to shy away from the various explicit offer there indulge in these drinking spr ees without realizing the consequences involved. Unlike active peer pressure, passive pressure does not involve an adolescent being issued with an explicit offer but rather it largely depend on the teens desire to fit in and adopting the morals and practices being carried out by his fellow teens. The phrase everyone is doing it, why not me can be used to effectively describe what passive pressure refers to. Passive pressure can be divided to social modeling in tthe consumption of alcohol and perceptions that emerges from these excessive drinking. Research indicates that peer pressure affects male students as compared to their female counterparts , it also go ahead in indicating that it is considered to poses a 78.2% in the reasons as to why teenagers engages in excessive alcohol consumption (Warner, 60). Parties in both the campus and residential home. Ham Hope (750) point out that it is very evident that the culture of most college students revolves around holding parties and having fun. Colleges students often hold parties in the absence of their parents, this largely contribute to their great involvement in excessive drinking whereby they tend to consume what they see their parents consuming. For the most students who live off campus they tend to hold house parties where friends are able to gain access to alcohol as compared to the rate they would have gain access in bars and restaurants. Other than home parties, many campuses have on-campus pubs and restaurant where parties are held. In these restaurants people came together and forms groups called fraternity. These groups are associated with excessive consumption of alcohol within the campus. Due to the fame associated to these groups, more youth tend to join them for recognition where later they engage in excessive drinking. Expectancies. It is very important that adolescents and teenage are very curious and they tend to think that they are already mature. Due to the fact that most of parents have a tendency of drinking in the presence of their children, this teenagers expects that excessive alcohol consumption causes pleasurable moments in life. It is due to this are college students engaging in excessive drinking so as to obtain pleasurable moments away from their usual books and constant reading (CASE, 1). Buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay

Developing curriculum content Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Developing curriculum content - Research Paper Example Developmental approach in designing curriculum content asserts that curriculum should help students to learn the information which is necessary in performing day to day operations or tasks. This model emphasizes that curriculum should provide practical information and should help developing skills and learning capacities for better performance (Browder, et al., 2003). Developmental approach looks forward in developing student abilities to be an excellent performer in their life. This model recognizes students’ development as a sequential growth which starts with academics, then career and then social growth while curriculum should be designed to achieve objectives of all stages of students’ needs. Readiness approach as the name suggests is related to the entry level of students. It refers to particular skills and understanding of a student. Readiness approach suggests that in designing curriculum content, it is important to examine the mental standing of the student where the student is (Marcon, 2002). In an institutions some students may have well developed skills and understanding to complex topics because they were already exposed to learning opportunities but others may not have got the same chances (Muller-Ackerman, 2014). So, curriculum content must be designed considering the readiness of students and the level of their understanding. In contrasting scenario, no prior knowledge of students’ readiness may lead to an unplanned curriculum content which will hinder actual growth and learning of students (Olfman, 2003). Examining readiness provides a series of indicators whereas these indicators help understanding the expectations and needs of students. Based on thes e indicators educationists have better oversight of required curriculum contents which later produces greater learning and growth. Readiness approach as

New York State Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New York State Politics - Essay Example Some of the requirements required to get the card are proof of residency and identity. Special provisions have been put in place for the homeless residents who are also required to apply for the card. There are also provisions of protection put in place especially for people such as the domestic abuse survivors. There is also a platform for appeal for those denied the card. The cardholders are also required to be above 14 years of age and be residents of New York. These rules were put in place with the assistance of the HRA and in response to the online feedback and the October public hearing. The card comes with its benefits, which are benefits and discounts from the 33 city’s largest cultural institutions, which include the museum, art galleries and the zoos (Khurshid). These 33 institutions are on rent-free New York land enjoying the energy and subsidized operations in the city. They are beneficiaries to the $479.7 million spent on Cultural Institution Group (CIG) fiscal year 2013, which there are members (NYC.Gov). These are accounted for in the annual budget at the cultural affairs department that carries about two- thirds. The cards, however, are not membership cards to these institutions, as the holders are required to apply for their individual memberships in these institutions. These applied memberships are valid for a year from the day of signing up. Those who had previously applied for the membership will not be eligible although they will enjoy discounts from the institutions in which they were not members.

Criminal Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Law Assignment - Essay Example (Woolmington v. DPP)1 It is important to mention that for any offence to be proved it must be proved beyond reasonable doubt and the burden of proof is on the prosecution. Another important point that needs to be raised is that the actus reus and mens rea of the offence must coincide, however a broad approach int his respect has been adopted by the courts. The main elements required to prove an offence are actus reus, mens rea and the absence of any defence. (Lord Diplock in R v Miller)2 The actus reus and mens rea need to coincide, however the requirement is interpreted broadly. (Fagan v. Commissioner of Police3) One of the situation is where the conduct of the defendant created a situation of danger. (R v. Miller)4 The first point of homicide is murder. The actus reus of murder was provided by Sir Edward Coke in the seventeenth century whereby he stated that the act is committed if the defendant ‘unlawfully killeth any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the Queenâ€⠄¢s peace’. The definition of unlawfully does not include the killing of for example the use of reasonable force for self defence (Re a (Children)5. Clearly, Alice died because of the Barry punched her really hard on her head and therefore this is unlawful. As far as killeth is concerned that refers to the requirement that the acts of the defendant can be attributed to be a legal cause of death. Clearly the act of Barry had led to the death of Alice. As far as killing of the reasonable creature in rerum natura is concerned it means that a human life is taken. Clearly this is satisfied as Alice had died. Finally Queen’s peace means that it must have been within England and not the killing of an enemy at war. It can be assumed that Alice’s death occurred in England. Therefore on the facts the actus reus of murder has been satisfied. The next element is that of mens rea of murder which has been termed as ‘malice aforethought’. However, to be precise th e mens rea is the intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm (Moloney)6 Intention discussed in Woollin and applied by Matthwes and Alleyne7 was described as defendants aim or purpose was to kill or cause grievous bodily harm or he know of such harm as being a virtually certain consequence of such an act, and any level below that of virtual certainty would not suffice. On the facts it is more than evident that Barry clearly did not possess the intention nor was he virtually certain of the consequences. Thus it is quite clear that the mens rea for murder is not satisfied. As far as voluntary manslaughter is concerned it is not relevant to the facts at hand as there was neither provocation or was there any diminished responsibility. Thus voluntary manslaughter in respect of the facts will not be argued. The next step is that of involuntary manslaughter. The first manslaughter that would be considered is that of reckless manslaughter. The change brought about by Moloney means that for manslaughter recklessness will suffice. However, on the facts it can be said that Barry was not subjectively reckless as he was not aware of the fact that Alice had an exceptionally thin skull. The next in line is gross negligence manslaughter which requires proof of a high degree of negligence. The approach can be seen from Lord Atkin’s judgment in Andrews v. DPP8 where he stated ‘[In the older cases] expressions will be found which indicate that to cause death by any lack of due care will amount to

Impact of Spanish Civil War on Surrealism Art

Impact of Spanish Civil War on Surrealism Art   This investigation assesses the significance of surrealist artists responses to the Spanish Civil War and how the experiences of the horrific event were documented visually. In order to evaluate such significance, this investigation examines the impact the events the war had on surrealist art in Spain, through the use of primary recounts of the wars impact on art and visual art history, mostly focusing on works by Salvador Dalà ­ and Pablo Picasso who became world renowned for their contribution. The Spanish Civil War broke out in the summer of 1936, as did the revolution within surrealist art. It was an event that did not just affect people locally, but on an international scale. Although, European art in general was impacted by the war, this investigation will not examine the effect the war had on continental surrealism, thus will only focus on Spanish artists and their work. As the leading artists in this movement were the Spanish born artists Picasso and Dali, they will be the central focus. Two of the sources used in this essay will assess are Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War by Robin Adà ¨le Greenley and The Secret Life of Salvador Dalà ­ by Salvador Dalà ­ will be evaluated for their origins, purposes, values and limitations. This investigation does not assess the difference in ideologies (Republicanism versus Nationalism) tearing apart Spain, nor does it assess other surrealist art movements in literature, philosophy, film, architecture or music. Background on the Spanish Civil War The summer of 1936 marked the beginning of a landmark event within modern European history: the Spanish Civil War, inviting with it a three-year tumultuous period of terror, destruction and persecution, shattering the nation. Its deep rooting ideological confrontations resulted in the intense commitment of all its participants and the loss of over half a million Spanish lives acted as a stimulus to the various international surrealist movements of the time, inspiring artists of all cultures. The creative energy focused on portraying political ideologies and illusions, the social idealisms and the military take on modern warfare, documenting the hopes and despair of the participants in this Kafkaesque war. The fall of the crumbling Spanish Monarchy and the dissatisfying Second Republic, and the electoral success of the leftist Popular Front, a rebellion against the newly elected government erupted. The Falange or the Nationalists, lead by General Franco, conducted a nationwide revolt, alongside General Mola. They managed to seize the key cities in Northern Spain, including Madrid. The Catalan and Basque country, both known for their persistent separatist movement, anarchism and socialism, unsurprisingly sided and remained loyal to the Republic. This politically polarized Spain, dividing the country into the Nationalist and Republicans. Mostly socialists, separatists, artists and intellectuals sided with Republicans. Franco wanted to follow Mussolinis example and establish a secular conservative regime and was supported mostly by the conservatives, the military, the royalists and the Clergy. Even though the Church and the Falange experienced some friction, they continued to remain in their marriage of convince because the Republic was seen as antidisestablishmentarian and lethally temporal. The Nationalists rose against the electoral Popular Front government and finally over threw it. The interferences from external powers such as Germany and the Soviet Union dragged out the war and worsened the conflict. Horrific events which paralyzed the country, such as the annihilation of the Basque country by the German Luftwaffes Blitzkrieg, served as inspiration which sparked the notion of a world exhibition in France, in 1937. The section dedicated to Spain was known was the Pavilion. Many artists, such as Dali, Picasso and Renau were asked to participate; each created a response to the many atrocities which occurred in the past year of the war. It was the first exhibition of its kind, prompting propaganda from countries such as Spain. Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War Surrealism, with no exact definition due to its ambiguous nature, is known for imaginative eccentricity and became a major movement in the late 1920s and throughout 1930s Europe; mostly in places like Germany and Spain. The twisted yet fantastic reality which surrealism creates is seen as an escape from the actual reality. Surrealist artist art is considered to be closely connected with Freudian psychological analysis, claiming that such warped art is an insight into a deeper psyche. The surrealist works of the Andalusian painters Dalà ­ and Picasso (amongst others) became signatures of the satirical content of the war, acting as world informants of the paralyzing happenings within the country. Although both artists had very different notions of surrealism, both artists depict the war in a grotesque, incomprehensible, violent and audacious manner which reflected the Civil War in all its accuracy. It can be concluded that the war distorted many perspectives of reality. Traditional elements of surrealism stemmed from the Dadaism movement and were subjected to metamorphosis by many artists who incorporated components from cubism, impressionism, Enlightenment and post impressionism as well as various other movements. In its purest form, surrealism had little or no affect on the civil war, in fact, prior to the war, it was much more submissive and discerning. However, the introduction of war perverted the movement in Spain most notably by Dalà ­s Autumn Cannibalism (1936) (fig. 2) and Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War (July, 1936) (fig. 1) and Picassos Guernika (1937) (fig. 3). Such works were considered a mutation and mockery of works of artists from previous movements like El Greco whose work was considered contemporary for his time. The Spanish surrealist art culture became a symbol of the Spanish Civil War as well as its leftist orientation and the Republic. This demonstrated the highly interlinked nature of political and cultural developments in 1930s Spain. Architects, like Alphonse Laurencic, drew inspiration from the twisted works of Dali, Kandinsky and Klee among others to invent a form of psychotechnic torture found in the mind-bending prison-cells and torture chambers of Barcelona and elsewhere, built in 1938. Jose Millicua suggested that through the use of the psychological properties of colors and geometric abstraction found in these works, Laurencic created a hell that would physically distort and mentally disturb the victim connecting the growing art culture with the growing militaristic government. Section C Evaluation of Sources [400w] Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War was written by Robin Adà ¨le Greenley, a respected art historian, currently Latin American Studies professor at the Connecticut University. The book, published in 2006 by Yale University Press, New Haven, is a critical interpretation of Surrealist art works by five artists, including, Dali and Picasso. The purpose of Greenleys work is an attempt to unravel the correspondence between aesthetics and politics during the Spanish Civil War and focuses on surrealist aspects of the war, how they differed and were affected by the intense struggle plaguing the country. The value of the book is that there is a clear study of the correlation between the art and the events which took place. It is a secondary source, designed mainly for the purpose of educating. Greenley intimately analyzes how artistic practice offers unique insight into the cataclysmic debacle of war. The limitation of the book from a historical perspective are the existence of some peculia rities in relation to its subject because she examines the surrealist artists and their work immaculately, but fails to draw strong parallels between the political situation of the time and the drastic change of the movement. Her work, although useful, is mostly suited for contemporary aesthetics and critical theory. The Secret Life of Salvador Dalà ­ was written by Salvador Dali (published in 1942 in its original French, then in 2000, translated into English by Haakon M. Chevalier). The purpose of this source is a memoire, allowing an inside scope to Dalis life. The sources value is that it is a direct account from the leading artist of the Surrealist movement, providing the historian with a unique and personal insight as how the war impacted him and his work. Dali is considered one of the few misunderstood artists of his time and here the idea that his genius saves him from chaos allows us to understand him more. The book allows a deeper understanding of the awesome painter. It is a primary source and therefore is subjected to personal prejudice. Taking into account that the source is a personal memoire, Dali has grandiose his life and placed a very positive theme to everything he did with is ingenious use of words. This highlights the limitations of the source. However, he acknowledges some o f this over-the-top heroism on his part in the central chapters of his prose as false memories. The memoir written only three years after the war, and passions were still running high in Spain while many people were trying to exonerate themselves from the general violence and anarchy. Section D Analysis [650w] Both the civil war and the surrealist art movement are closely connected and referred to by Greenley, as the publics awakening of politics and pictures in the politically polarized Spain. It is an accurate description of the relationship between the cultural and political aspects of the war, pointing out how closely connected the two were, although they are often treated as two separate issues within the 1930s. Common Themes in Surrealist Art Spains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors; they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the audience to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylistic consistencies to his wild political swings Both Gr eenley and Dalà ­ agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life. Prevalent abstract portrayal in surrealist works Fundamental components which make up work such as that of Dalà ­ and Picasso were considered contemporary, even for surrealism and, to some extent, were frowned upon and considered the assassination of painting. These innovative elements found in surrealism seemed to pervert the movement making reality more abhorrent and unnatural, but at the same time it acted as an escape from the living nightmares of their reality allowing life to have a more satirical texture to it. Things such as disembodied humans, genitals, death, destruction, furniture and foods even references to religion and Catholicism became the norm in surrealist works represented the supple irony of the artists lives as well as that of the people; they were painting from their perspective of a war that created a reality for the world that was so obscene, it could not be captured any other way Spains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors; they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the audience to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylistic consistencies to his wild political swings Both Gr eenley and Dalà ­ agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life. Use of media Elements of Spanish Surrealism became mostly to do with fascism in a farcical, perverse form of display, causing a ruin of surrealism. This was mostly Dalis movement, joined with other surrealists like Rene Magritte and Max Ernst. Dali, in particular, served as the main revolutionary artist to this complex way of painting. The constant elements of his works were things he found some sort of fascination in as a child such as food, death, the idea of sexuality, the human anatomy, insects, a crutch, and various other strange items which he later turned into a satirical, metaphorical component for his work. The idea of the body as a political metaphor became a fast trend throughout Surrealists work. The body came to represent many concepts of the happenings within their lives. It was a metaphor for the artists body, a body wounded by war and its ritualized combat, personal strife of civilians and artists, of politicized or sexualized body, an indicator of unconscious desires as well as body mechanisms acting as a transgression of avant-garde within the social context. It was created in a fashion as a universal component; anyone and everyone could relate to the art effortlessly. Picassos Guernika (1937) utilized these aspects to create an unconscious conception of war, where the strong prey on the weak as a response to the Pavilion,capturing the violence and the disruptive nature of the confusion of private sexuality. It was a symbol of Guernicas struggle and suffering after its violation by the German Blitzkrieg attack. Dalis Autumn Cannibalism (1936) also took into consideration these components, as well as his signature elements to represent the Kafkaesque idea of the war with a more ironic twist than Picassos art. Dalis work making mockery of bourgeoisie and the subtle grotesque manner in which this war is carried out, an element of sadomasochistic aggression between the two faceless, closely entwined figures that have an almost parasitic feel to them, turning a seemingly amorous kiss into a fatal, inescapable trap; underlining the murderous violence depicted. Artists social and political issues in their work A majority of the art responses to the war were surrealist, proving an obvious correlation between the two events. The war had an overwhelming impact of the surrealist art movement inspiring artists such as Dalà ­ and Picasso throughout Spain. Section E Conclusion [200w] It is evident the Spanish Civil War had an impact on the surrealist visual art movement and altered, significantly, the ways in which the movement was captured. The fundamental elements and secondary components that such works were composed of obtained many satirical and metaphorical characteristics which were impacted very much by the war. Previously, the image of the body as a perverse form of political metaphor was not thought of and therefore rarely appeared in surrealist paintings for the mutation of the body was seen as sacrilegious, and in doing so, the already worrying contemporary art became aesthetically tormenting The perverse maturity of the images from artists such as Dalà ­ and Picasso have been used as ideal examples of this epic movement which altered not only the way people saw their reality but the global ideal of art and art history. The Spanish Civil War did impact surrealist visual art in Spain by forcing the elements of the work not only more uniform among the artists but changed them to represent something more than the war in their minds.

Symbols and Symbolism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper :: Gilman Yellow Wallpaper Essays Papers

Symbols and Symbolism in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reflecting their role in society, women in literature are often portrayed in a position that is dominated by men. Especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. In "The Yellow WallPaper," by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist is oppressed and represents the effect of the oppression of women in society. This effect is created by the use of complex symbols such as the house, the window, and the wall-paper which facilitate her oppression as well as her self expression. It is customary to find the symbol of the house as representing a secure place for a woman's transformation and her release of self expression. However, in this story, the house is not her own and she does not want to be in it. She declares it is "haunted," and that "there is something queer about it." Although she acknowledges the beauty of the house and especially what surrounds it, she constantly goes back to her feeling that "there is something strange about the house." Her impression is like a premonition for the transformation that takes place in herself while she is there. In this way the house still is the cocoon for her transformation. It does not take the form of the traditional symbol of security for the domestic activities of a woman, but it does allow for and contain her metamorphosis. The house also facilitates her release, accommodating her, her writing and her thoughts. These two activities evolve because of the fact that she is kept in the house. One specific characteristic of the house that symbolizes not only her potential but also her trapped feeling is the window. Traditionally this symbol represents a view of possibilities, but now it also becomes a view to what she does not want to see. Through it she sees all that she could be and everything that she could have. But she says near the end, "I don't like to look out of the windows even - there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast." She knows that she has to hide and lie low; she has to creep in order to be a part of society and she does not want to see all the other women who have to do the same because she knows they are a reflection of herself.